The Government has established several institutional and national frameworks for commercialising technologies developed by government laboratories and research institutions. National Research Development Corporation (NRDC), under the Department of Scientific & Industrial Research, is the principal institutional vehicle for licensing, technology transfer, industry partnerships and startup support. NRDC has licensed technologies to over 5,100 entrepreneurs and assisted in filing more than 2,100 Intellectual Properties (IPs), besides supporting patenting, feasibility studies, prototyping, pilot plants, and export of technologies to other countries. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)’s guidelines for Technology Transfer and Utilisation of Knowledgebase are used in commercialisation across its constituent laboratories. The Department of Biotechnology’s (DBT) notification of the IP Guidelines 2023 provides a framework for commercialization of technologies developed by its research institutions. The IP is owned completely by the institutions and licensed through the institutional IP mechanisms, both through exclusive and non-exclusive mechanisms as per the guidance of the institutional IP committees.

In addition, institutional mechanisms such as CSIR's Business Development Groups (BDGs), incubation centres, Technical Research Centres (TRCs) help in establishing collaborations between research institutions, investors and industry for commercialisation of technologies. The Technology Development Board (TDB) at the Department of Science and Technology has been providing equity or other modes of financial assistance for commercialisation of indigenous technologies.

The Biotechnology Industrial Research Assistance Council (BIRAC), under DBT, has set up nationwide network of seven Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs) under the National Biopharma Mission to strengthen academia-industry linkages and IP/technology-transfer management. BIRAC has also established 94 biotechnology incubation/pre-incubation centres across 25 States/UTs. The NRDC has operationalised outreach centres at Pune, Guwahati and Bhubaneswar for technology transfer and IP-filing support. The incubation centres supported by the government have been offering mentorship, subsidised testing and fabrication facilities, equity-linked funding and TRL assessment. Incubation Centre of NRDC plays a pivotal role in empowering startups by offering comprehensive guidance and fostering growth. The DST has set up 22 Technology Enabling Centres (TECs) to network researchers with institutions, laboratories and industry. In addition, incubation centres have been set up at a few IITs.

CSIR labs and autonomous institutions under DST and DBT have developed several technologies in the areas of new materials, energy, healthcare, medical sciences, agrotech etc. and shared them with industries. Technologies developed, licensed, transferred and commercialised through CSIR, DBT and DST laboratories/institutions during the last three years are as under:

During the last three years, the CSIR facilitated creation of 148 startups through technology licensing, generating Rs. 142.67 lakh in royalty/premia income, attracting Rs. 246.60 lakh in investment, and creating employment for approximately 7,200 personnel. Similarly, DBT's autonomous institutes facilitated creation of 34 startups in biomanufacturing, healthcare, agritech and medical devices/diagnostics. The NRDC also supported 13 startups under the Technology Development, Validation & Commercialisation (TDVC) programme.

Licences issued and income generated by NRDC over the last three years are given below:

Year	2023-24	2024-25	2025-26
License Issued (Nos.)/ Technologies commercialized	42	36	28
Upfront charges (Premia) from Licensing of technologies	Rs. 104.71 lakh	Rs. 230.21 lakh	Rs. 123.85 lakh
Royalty income	Rs. 324.11 lakh	Rs. 81.60 lakh	Rs. 93.20 lakh

The office of the Principal Scientific Advisor, Government of India has conducted two rounds of performance evaluation in 2022 and 2025 of centrally funded R&D organisations in non-strategic sectors. The evaluation assessed, IP creation and technology transfer as the Innovation Excellence Indicators for public funded research & development (R&D) organizations.

This information was given by Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Science & Technology and Earth Sciences, Dr. Jitendra Singh, in a written reply in the Lok Sabha today

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