The Government of India has been promoting research and innovation in the fields of artificial intelligence, quantum technology, semiconductors, biotechnology and other emerging technologies through various schemes and mission mode programmes. The details of some of the major schemes/programme is as below:

Under NM-ICPS, 25 Technology Innovation Hubs (TIH) and under NQM 4 Technology Hubs (T-Hub) have been established across the country. Details are at Annexure.

As per the latest “Research and Development Statistics 2025-26” report, brought out by Department of Science and Technology (DST), the Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) as a percentage of GDP has increased from 0.64% in 2020-21 to 0.84% in 2023-24. In absolute terms, it has been consistently increasing over the years and more than tripled from Rs. 79,355.89 crore in 2013-14 to Rs. 2,44,767.81 crore in 2023-24. Further, the government is taking various steps to increase R&D expenditure, strenghten research infrastructure and retain scientific talent in the country. These include: successive increase in allocations for scientific departments; financial assistance to research institutions to carry out basic and applied research to strengthen research capacity, human resource development; and creation of state-of-the-art research infrastructure in the country. DST through schemes like Fund for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure (FIST), Promotion of University Research and Scientific Excellence (PURSE), Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facilities (SAIF) and Sophisticated Analytical & Technical Help Institutes (SATHI) and Department of Biotechnology (DBT) through its Boost to University Interdisciplinary Life Science Departments for Education and Research (DBT-BUILDER) programme, supports research infrastructure in universities and institutions. The Government through various fellowships like National Post-Doctoral Fellowship (NPDF), Ramanujan Fellowship; INSPIRE Faculty Fellowship, Ramalingaswami Re-entry Fellowship, Biomedical Research Career Programme and MK Bhan-Young Researcher Fellowship is supporting young researchers and also attracting brilliant Indian researchers from abroad to return to India and conduct high quality research. Also, the VAIBHAV fellowship of DST provides a platform for overseas scientists including Non-Resident Indians to undertake collaborative research in Indian institutions and universities.

The Government continues to promote greater investment in research and development through enhanced public funding, increased private sector participation, philanthropic contributions and stronger industry-academia collaboration. The key initiatives towards this include the establishment of the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF), the creation of the Research Development and Innovation (RDI) Fund to catalyse private investment in research and innovation and supporting policy measures.

Annexure

Details of Technology Innovation Hub (TIH) under National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS)

Details of Technology Hub (T-Hub) under National Quantum Mission (NQM)

This information was given by the Minister of State (Ind. Charge) Science & Technology; Earth Sciences and Minister of State PMO; Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions; Department of Atomic Energy and Space Dr. Jitendra Singh in a written reply in Lok Sabha today.

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NKR/FT