As per the World
Bank Report titled ‘Nutrition in India’, India loses over
12 billion U.S. Dollar in Gross Domestic Product due to vitamin and mineral
deficiencies in Indian population. It also reports significant direct and
indirect economic losses due to under-nutrition associated with direct
productivity losses estimated at more that 10 percent of lifetime individual
earnings and about 2-3 percent loss of GDP. Indirect losses are due to poor
mental development and schooling, and increased costs of healthcare.
As per the
comparison from second and third National Family health Survey conducted in
1998-99 and 2005-06
respectively, the prevalence
of stunting among children under-three years of age has declined from 51 per
cent to 44.9
percent;
however
the prevalence of wasting among children under age three years has increased
from 19.7 per cent to 22.7 percent.
The Government
has accorded high priority to the issue of malnutrition in the country and is
implementing several schemes/programmes under different Ministries/Departments
through State Governments/UT Administrations, the details being as follows:
·
Under
multi-sectoral approach for accelerated action on the determinants of
malnutrition in targeting nutrition in schemes/programmes of all the sectors.
The schemes/programmes include the Integrated Child Development Services
(ICDS), National Health Mission (NHM), Mid-Day Meal Scheme, Rajiv Gandhi
Schemes for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (RGSEAG) namely SABLA, Indira
Gandhi MatritvaSahyogYojna (IGMSY) as direct targeted interventions. Besides,
indirect Multi-sectoral interventions include Targeted Public Distribution
System (TPDS), National Horticulture Mission, National Food Security Mission,
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), Swachh
Bharat Abhiyan, National Rural Drinking Water Programme etc. All these schemes
address one or other aspect of nutrition.
·
The
specific interventions targeted towardsthe vulnerable groups include children
below 6 years. The main schemes/programmes of Ministry of Women and Child Development
which have a bearing on the nutritional status includes the Integrated Child
Development Services (ICDS) Scheme which provides a package of six services
namely supplementary nutrition, pre-school non-formal education, nutrition
& health education, immunization, health check-up and referral services.
·
Under
National Health Mission of Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, the
remedial steps taken are as follows:
-
Promotion
of appropriate infant and young child feeding practices that include early
initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding till 6 months of age and
appropriate complementary feeding after 6 months of age.
-
Management
of malnutrition and common neonatal and childhood illnesses at community and
facility level by training service providers in IMNCI (Integrated Management of
Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses) training.
-
Treatment
of children with severe acute malnutrition at special units called the
Nutrition Rehabilitation Centres (NRCs), set up at public health facilities.
Presently 875 such centres are functional all over the country.
-
Specific
program to prevent and combat micronutrient deficiencies of Vitamin A and Iron
& Folic Acid (IFA) in under-five children, children of 5 to 10 years of
age, and adolescents.
-
Village
Health and Nutrition Days and Mother and Child Protection Card are the joint
initiative of the Ministries of Health & Family welfare and the Ministry of
Woman and Child for addressing the nutrition concerns in children, pregnant
women and lactating mothers.
The State wise
performance available from surveys and reports received from States of above
mentioned interventions in last three financial years is placed below:-
Status
of nutrition indicators as per Annual Health Survey
(conducted
in 8 Empowered action Group States & Assam)*
|
Percentage of children
from 6-35 months who received one dose of Vitamin A in last six months
|
Percentage of new-borns
breastfeeding within one hour of birth
|
Percentage of under-five
children received Iron Folic Acid (IFA) tablet/dose
|
|
STATE
|
AHS (2010-11)
|
AHS (2011-12)
|
AHS (2012-13)
|
AHS (2010-11)
|
AHS (2011-12)
|
AHS (2012-13)
|
AHS (2010-11)
|
AHS (2011-12)
|
AHS (2012-13)
|
|
Assam
|
72
|
70.7
|
63.2
|
69.6
|
70.9
|
75.6
|
27.7
|
26.3
|
25.1
|
|
Bihar
|
61.9
|
58.8
|
56.2
|
30.3
|
34.6
|
37
|
29
|
31.3
|
33.8
|
|
Chhattisgarh
|
71.7
|
68.6
|
68.3
|
63.9
|
65.7
|
69.3
|
37.7
|
38.7
|
42.7
|
|
Jharkhand
|
60.1
|
61.9
|
58.6
|
37.9
|
41.2
|
43.3
|
|
16.9
|
15.9
|
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
54.5
|
56.6
|
58.1
|
61.5
|
65
|
66.8
|
24.8
|
24.7
|
29.1
|
|
Orissa
|
63.4
|
71.3
|
68.6
|
71.5
|
74.3
|
78.7
|
23.3
|
24
|
25.3
|
|
Rajasthan
|
59.4
|
66.1
|
74.2
|
48.6
|
50.1
|
54.1
|
9.4
|
10.9
|
11.6
|
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
37.2
|
39.2
|
40.8
|
32.9
|
36
|
39.4
|
10.6
|
13.2
|
13.5
|
|
Uttarakhand
|
55
|
57.3
|
57.1
|
63.2
|
63.7
|
65.1
|
14.3
|
15.5
|
17.2
|
*for other States, data is captured
under DLHS IV(2012-13) and full report is yet to be published
Performance of Nutrition Rehabilitation
Centres across States/UTs
|
|
|
2012-13
|
2013-14
|
|
S. No.
|
State/UTs
|
No. of NRCs
|
Children admitted in NRCs
|
No. of NRCs
|
Children admitted in NRCs
|
|
India
|
|
761
|
128431
|
875
|
131249
|
|
1
|
Bihar
|
38
|
17769
|
38
|
9414
|
|
2
|
Chhattisgarh
|
46
|
4681
|
55
|
7508
|
|
3
|
Himachal Pradesh
|
|
|
2
|
45
|
|
4
|
Jammu & Kashmir
|
|
|
1
|
115
|
|
5
|
Jharkhand
|
68
|
6425
|
67
|
5637
|
|
6
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
286
|
65125
|
312
|
66742
|
|
7
|
Orissa
|
32
|
2076
|
41
|
5058
|
|
8
|
Rajasthan
|
40
|
6162
|
40
|
4872
|
|
9
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
22
|
1580
|
25
|
3713
|
|
10
|
Uttarakhand
|
|
|
3
|
259
|
|
11
|
Arunachal Pradesh
|
|
|
1
|
Report not
received
|
|
12
|
Assam
|
10
|
158
|
14
|
1275
|
|
13
|
Manipur
|
|
|
|
|
|
14
|
Meghalaya
|
|
|
5
|
192
|
|
15
|
Mizoram
|
|
|
|
|
|
16
|
Nagaland
|
|
|
1
|
Report not received
|
|
17
|
Sikkim
|
|
|
|
|
|
18
|
Tripura
|
|
|
|
|
|
19
|
Andhra Pradesh &Telengana
|
17
|
904
|
30
|
5707
|
|
20
|
Goa
|
|
|
|
|
|
21
|
Gujarat
|
109
|
17503
|
120
|
9236
|
|
22
|
Haryana
|
|
|
|
|
|
23
|
Karnataka
|
47
|
2360
|
57
|
4906
|
|
24
|
Kerala
|
|
|
3
|
137
|
|
25
|
Maharashtra
|
15
|
1156
|
15
|
2546
|
|
26
|
Punjab
|
|
|
|
|
|
27
|
Tamil Nadu
|
|
|
2
|
60
|
|
28
|
West Bengal
|
20
|
2022
|
31
|
3614
|
|
29
|
A & N Islands
|
|
|
|
|
|
30
|
Chandigarh
|
|
|
1
|
29
|
|
31
|
Dadra & Nagar Haveli
|
|
|
|
|
|
32
|
Daman & Diu
|
|
|
|
|
|
33
|
Delhi
|
11
|
510
|
|
184
|
|
34
|
Lakshadweep
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
35
|
Puducherry
|
|
|
|
|
Performance
of Integrated Child Development Scheme in last three financial years:
|
Sl. No.
|
State/UT
|
( as on 31.3.2014)
|
( as on 31.3.2013)
|
(as on 31.3.2012)
|
|
Total children weigh
|
% Normal
|
% Moderate mal-nourished
|
% Severely mal-nourished
|
Total children weigh
|
% Normal
|
% moderate mal-nourished
|
% Severe
mal-nourished
|
Total children weigh
|
% Normal
|
% moderate mal-nourished
|
% Severely mal-nourished
|
|
1
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
5449615
|
65.80%
|
33.10%
|
1.10%
|
5251623
|
61.26%
|
36.06%
|
2.69%
|
5123499
|
53.16%
|
46.77%
|
0.07%
|
|
2
|
Arunachal Pradesh
|
85599
|
98.99%
|
1.00%
|
0.00%
|
84880
|
94.35%
|
5.57%
|
0.08%
|
61340
|
96.37%
|
3.63%
|
0.00%
|
|
3
|
Assam
|
2479627
|
80.68%
|
18.46%
|
0.86%
|
1506989
|
76.41%
|
22.89%
|
0.70%
|
2054973
|
75.38%
|
24.28%
|
0.33%
|
|
4
|
Bihar
|
4119193
|
50.51%
|
36.53%
|
12.95%
|
6415281
|
17.88%
|
56.17%
|
25.94%
|
6415281
|
17.88%
|
56.17%
|
25.94%
|
|
5
|
Chhattisgarh
|
2289247
|
68.14%
|
27.88%
|
3.98%
|
2289746
|
66.83%
|
28.55%
|
4.62%
|
1987292
|
64.00%
|
34.51%
|
1.49%
|
|
6
|
Goa
|
61956
|
86.28%
|
13.60%
|
0.12%
|
57641
|
80.27%
|
19.54%
|
0.19%
|
55069
|
78.74%
|
19.90%
|
1.37%
|
|
7
|
Gujarat
|
3629117
|
74.63%
|
23.89%
|
1.48%
|
3892944
|
72.52%
|
25.81%
|
1.67%
|
3914597
|
65.96%
|
31.28%
|
2.77%
|
|
8
|
Haryana
|
2194033
|
72.11%
|
26.12%
|
1.77%
|
2159603
|
66.35%
|
29.31%
|
4.34%
|
2250682
|
56.46%
|
43.49%
|
0.05%
|
|
9
|
Himachal Pradesh
|
451355
|
79.75%
|
19.84%
|
0.40%
|
459891
|
74.38%
|
25.46%
|
0.16%
|
445257
|
67.13%
|
32.81%
|
0.06%
|
|
10
|
Jammu & Kashmir
|
343717
|
76.79%
|
23.20%
|
0.01%
|
376715
|
75.97%
|
24.02%
|
0.01%
|
300424
|
71.67%
|
28.31%
|
0.02%
|
|
11
|
Jharkhand
|
2349819
|
68.64%
|
30.47%
|
0.89%
|
2446392
|
70.17%
|
27.94%
|
1.89%
|
2522452
|
65.61%
|
32.64%
|
1.75%
|
|
12
|
Karnataka
|
4287848
|
69.44%
|
29.74%
|
0.82%
|
3905318
|
70.59%
|
28.09%
|
1.32%
|
3354141
|
64.29%
|
33.88%
|
1.82%
|
|
13
|
Kerala
|
1697950
|
76.10%
|
23.49%
|
0.42%
|
1639924
|
74.52%
|
24.83%
|
0.66%
|
1601779
|
71.91%
|
27.44%
|
0.65%
|
|
14
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
6856410
|
78.62%
|
19.22%
|
2.16%
|
7067309
|
77.52%
|
20.56%
|
1.93%
|
6515301
|
76.81%
|
21.30%
|
1.90%
|
|
15
|
Maharashtra
|
6265120
|
89.35%
|
9.25%
|
1.40%
|
6369125
|
89.26%
|
9.44%
|
1.30%
|
6235814
|
81.15%
|
16.52%
|
2.33%
|
|
16
|
Manipur
|
254498
|
90.49%
|
9.49%
|
0.02%
|
254703
|
90.42%
|
9.48%
|
0.10%
|
190815
|
86.17%
|
13.59%
|
0.24%
|
|
17
|
Meghalaya
|
256467
|
80.21%
|
19.65%
|
0.14%
|
226890
|
76.31%
|
23.24%
|
0.45%
|
160389
|
73.51%
|
26.15%
|
0.33%
|
|
18
|
Mizoram
|
74562
|
93.62%
|
6.08%
|
0.31%
|
139472
|
76.76%
|
23.12%
|
0.12%
|
132985
|
77.47%
|
22.28%
|
0.25%
|
|
19
|
Nagaland
|
162539
|
99.30%
|
0.50%
|
0.20%
|
163116
|
99.40%
|
0.60%
|
0.00%
|
144078
|
99.38%
|
0.62%
|
0.00%
|
|
20
|
Orissa
|
3978712
|
72.38%
|
25.78%
|
1.84%
|
4015015
|
68.27%
|
28.80%
|
2.93%
|
3952454
|
60.03%
|
36.22%
|
3.75%
|
|
21
|
Punjab
|
1865950
|
75.63%
|
24.26%
|
0.10%
|
1943996
|
74.40%
|
25.50%
|
0.11%
|
1981306
|
72.99%
|
26.78%
|
0.22%
|
|
22
|
Rajasthan
|
4094991
|
69.13%
|
30.68%
|
0.19%
|
4207280
|
67.31%
|
32.32%
|
0.38%
|
3915632
|
60.82%
|
38.95%
|
0.23%
|
|
23
|
Sikkim
|
32946
|
96.32%
|
3.61%
|
0.07%
|
34148
|
97.01%
|
2.93%
|
0.06%
|
36647
|
95.62%
|
4.33%
|
0.05%
|
|
24
|
Tamil Nadu
|
3947402
|
83.46%
|
16.45%
|
0.09%
|
3963359
|
77.99%
|
21.83%
|
0.18%
|
4152821
|
70.12%
|
29.38%
|
0.50%
|
|
25
|
Tripura
|
293514
|
83.45%
|
16.30%
|
0.25%
|
231298
|
73.26%
|
26.51%
|
0.23%
|
227436
|
64.60%
|
35.13%
|
0.27%
|
|
26
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
16521699
|
64.72%
|
34.91%
|
0.37%
|
15708782
|
62.46%
|
37.17%
|
0.38%
|
14877262
|
60.20%
|
39.60%
|
0.19%
|
|
27
|
Uttrakhand
|
690976
|
90.28%
|
9.04%
|
0.68%
|
568983
|
83.69%
|
15.12%
|
1.19%
|
465047
|
79.27%
|
19.86%
|
0.88%
|
|
28
|
West Bengal
|
5947068
|
77.41%
|
21.60%
|
1.00%
|
5815620
|
73.02%
|
25.27%
|
1.71%
|
5642410
|
71.42%
|
26.44%
|
2.14%
|
|
29
|
A & N Islands
|
15748
|
88.16%
|
11.25%
|
0.58%
|
16326
|
88.28%
|
10.66%
|
1.06%
|
18131
|
84.94%
|
13.49%
|
1.57%
|
|
30
|
Chandigarh
|
79269
|
76.31%
|
22.29%
|
1.40%
|
84534
|
72.16%
|
26.49%
|
1.35%
|
41733
|
68.97%
|
23.91%
|
7.12%
|
|
31
|
Delhi
|
683005
|
69.15%
|
30.83%
|
0.02%
|
684933
|
61.82%
|
38.17%
|
0.02%
|
372452
|
52.23%
|
47.74%
|
0.03%
|
|
32
|
Dadra & N Haveli
|
16816
|
74.67%
|
25.27%
|
0.07%
|
14425
|
75.22%
|
24.52%
|
0.26%
|
14425
|
75.22%
|
24.52%
|
0.26%
|
|
33
|
Daman & Diu
|
5458
|
60.79%
|
39.21%
|
0.00%
|
6213
|
64.35%
|
35.65%
|
0.00%
|
6396
|
49.28%
|
50.72%
|
0.00%
|
|
34
|
Lakshadweep
|
3709
|
65.97%
|
34.03%
|
0.00%
|
3527
|
62.46%
|
37.45%
|
0.09%
|
3561
|
61.67%
|
37.77%
|
0.56%
|
|
35
|
Puducherry
|
32316
|
69.89%
|
30.11%
|
0.00%
|
31497
|
67.27%
|
32.73%
|
0.00%
|
33235
|
64.60%
|
35.40%
|
0.00%
|
|
|
All India
|
81518251
|
72.40%
|
25.99%
|
1.61%
|
82037498
|
67.01%
|
29.68%
|
3.32%
|
79207116
|
62.68%
|
34.12%
|
3.21%
|
The
interventions under National Health Mission are not funded as a separate
scheme, but funds are provided to the States for comprehensive activities under
Reproductive and Child Health Programme.
The details of
funds approved and utilized under ICDS Scheme of Ministry of Women & Child
Development, and Child Health programme of National Health Mission of Ministry
of Health & FW, in last three financial years, State/UT wise are given
below:-